Why Is My Cat Peeing Blood?

Seeing blood in your cat’s urine, a condition known as hematuria, can be alarming and is a sign that something may be wrong with your pet’s health. This symptom can be caused by a variety of underlying issues, some of which may require immediate veterinary attention. Understanding the potential reasons behind this condition and knowing how to respond can ensure your cat receives the necessary care. This article explores the possible causes of hematuria in cats, the symptoms to watch for, and the steps to take to address this issue.

 

What Color Should Cat Pee Be?

Under normal conditions, a cat's urine should be a clear, pale yellow to amber color. This color is similar to what is considered normal for human urine and indicates proper hydration and kidney function. Here’s a breakdown of what normal urine characteristics are:

Pale Yellow to Amber

This range indicates that your cat is well-hydrated and their kidneys are functioning correctly. The specific shade can vary slightly depending on the cat's diet and fluid intake but should generally stay within this range.

Clear

There should be no cloudiness or sediment in the urine, which indicates that there are no infections or other abnormalities affecting the urinary tract.

 

Common Causes of Hematuria in Cats

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent cause of hematuria, particularly in older cats. These infections occur when bacteria invade the bladder or urethra, leading to inflammation and bleeding. Symptoms of a UTI in cats include frequent urination, straining to urinate, and discomfort during urination. Cats with UTIs may also exhibit behavioral changes such as increased irritability and a tendency to avoid the litter box. Prompt veterinary treatment is necessary to clear the infection and alleviate symptoms.

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) encompasses a range of conditions that affect the lower urinary tract, leading to hematuria. 

• Idiopathic Cystitis: This is inflammation of the bladder with no identifiable cause, which can result in blood in the urine. It is one of the most common forms of FLUTD.
• Bladder Stones: Crystals or stones in the bladder can cause irritation and bleeding. These stones can vary in size and composition, and some may require surgical removal.
• Urethral Obstruction: Blockages in the urethra, often caused by crystals or mucus, can lead to difficulty urinating and blood in the urine. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary attention.

Trauma

Physical trauma to the urinary tract from accidents, falls, or fights can cause bleeding, leading to hematuria. Such injuries might not always be externally visible, but any signs of swelling, difficulty moving, or visible injuries alongside hematuria should prompt a visit to the veterinarian. Trauma-induced hematuria can be severe, necessitating prompt and comprehensive veterinary care to prevent further complications and promote healing.

Bladder Tumors

Bladder tumors, although less common, can cause bleeding in the urinary tract. These tumors can be either benign or malignant and may lead to symptoms such as weight loss, lethargy, and changes in appetite in addition to hematuria. The presence of a tumor in the bladder or urinary tract requires a thorough diagnostic process, including imaging and possibly biopsy, to determine the appropriate course of treatment, which may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or other therapies.

Systemic Diseases

Systemic diseases, including kidney disease and blood clotting disorders, can lead to hematuria in cats. Chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury impairs the kidneys' ability to filter blood properly, resulting in blood in the urine. Coagulopathies, or blood clotting disorders, can cause bleeding in various parts of the body, including the urinary tract. These disorders can be congenital or acquired and may require specialized treatment to manage and prevent bleeding episodes.

Medications

Certain medications, particularly those used for pain relief or anti-inflammatory purposes, can cause hematuria as a side effect. If you notice blood in your cat’s urine after starting a new medication, it is essential to consult your veterinarian. The vet may adjust the dosage or switch to an alternative medication to mitigate this side effect while still addressing the underlying health issue.

Parasites

Parasitic infections, though rare, can also cause hematuria in cats. Bladder worms, such as Capillaria plica, can infect the bladder and lead to bleeding. These parasites are typically diagnosed through urinalysis and treated with appropriate antiparasitic medications. Ensuring your cat receives regular preventive care can help reduce the risk of parasitic infections.

Diet and Crystals

Diet-related urinary crystals are another cause of hematuria in cats. Certain diets can predispose cats to develop crystals in their urine, which can irritate the bladder lining and cause bleeding. Special diets formulated to prevent crystal formation can be beneficial for affected cats. These diets help maintain an appropriate urine pH and reduce the likelihood of crystal formation, thereby minimizing the risk of hematuria.

 

How Do I Treat Blood in My Cat's Urine?

Consult a Veterinarian Immediately

The first and most crucial step is to seek veterinary care. Hematuria can be caused by various conditions, each requiring different treatments. Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination, which may include urinalysis to check for infections, crystals, or abnormal cells, blood tests to assess kidney function and detect systemic diseases, and imaging studies such as X-rays or ultrasounds to identify stones, tumors, or structural abnormalities.

Follow the Prescribed Treatment Plan

Once the underlying cause is diagnosed, follow the treatment plan recommended by your veterinarian. If a urinary tract infection (UTI) is diagnosed, your vet will prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if your cat seems to improve. If urinary crystals or bladder stones are causing the hematuria, your vet may recommend a special diet designed to dissolve the crystals and prevent new ones from forming. These diets help maintain an appropriate urine pH and reduce the likelihood of crystal formation. Pain relief medications or anti-inflammatories may be prescribed to manage discomfort. In cases where bladder stones cannot be dissolved through diet, medications to help dissolve the stones may be used. In severe cases, such as large bladder stones or tumors, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the obstruction and alleviate the condition.

Ensure Proper Hydration

Encourage your cat to drink plenty of water to help flush out the urinary system. Proper hydration is essential for maintaining urinary tract health. Provide fresh water daily and consider using a pet water fountain to encourage drinking. Incorporate wet food into your cat’s diet, as it contains more moisture than dry food.

Monitor and Follow Up

After starting treatment, closely monitor your cat’s symptoms and behavior. Note any changes or improvements, and communicate them to your veterinarian. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to track your cat’s progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. Watch for signs of improvement or any new symptoms that may arise. Schedule follow-up visits as recommended by your veterinarian to ensure the treatment is working and to make any necessary adjustments.

 

How to Prevent Hematuria?

Regular Vet Check-Ups

Routine veterinary visits are essential for monitoring your cat’s health and catching potential issues early. Annual examinations allow veterinarians to assess your cat's overall condition and identify any signs of health problems. For senior cats or those with preexisting conditions, more frequent check-ups may be necessary. Regular blood tests and urinalysis are particularly important as they can detect early signs of kidney disease, infections, and other conditions that might lead to hematuria. Additionally, keeping your cat’s vaccinations up-to-date and ensuring they are on a regular schedule for flea, tick, and worm prevention can protect against diseases that could cause blood in the urine.

Proper Hydration

Encouraging your cat to drink more water is crucial for urinary health. Always provide fresh, clean water and change it daily to make it more appealing. Placing several water bowls around your home can also encourage your cat to drink more frequently. Some cats prefer running water, so consider investing in a cat water fountain. Wet food can be beneficial as it has a higher moisture content than dry kibble, helping to increase your cat’s overall water intake and promote healthier urinary function.

Balanced Diet

Feeding your cat a high-quality, balanced diet is fundamental to their overall health and can help prevent urinary issues. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the best food for your cat based on their age, health status, and specific dietary needs. For cats prone to urinary problems, specialized diets formulated to support urinary health can be very effective. These diets often help prevent the formation of bladder stones and crystals. It's also important to avoid feeding your cat human food, especially foods high in salt, as they can exacerbate urinary problems.

Stress Reduction

Creating a calm and stable environment for your cat is vital for reducing stress, which can contribute to urinary issues. Providing safe, quiet spaces where your cat can retreat when they feel stressed or anxious is essential. These can include cozy beds, cat trees, or enclosed spaces where they can feel secure. Maintaining a consistent daily routine for feeding, playtime, and litter box cleaning helps cats feel more at ease. Regular interactive play sessions using toys like feather wands, laser pointers, and puzzle feeders can keep your cat engaged and reduce boredom and stress. Additionally, pheromone diffusers or sprays, such as Feliway, can help create a calming environment by mimicking natural feline pheromones.

Litter Box Maintenance

Keeping your cat’s litter box clean and accessible is crucial for preventing urinary issues. Scoop the litter box daily and change the litter regularly to keep it clean and odor-free. A dirty litter box can deter your cat from using it, leading to potential urinary problems. It’s recommended to provide one litter box per cat, plus one extra, to reduce competition and ensure each cat has a clean place to go. Place litter boxes in quiet, easily accessible areas to avoid stressing your cat. Some cats are particular about the type of litter used, so experimenting with different types can help find the one your cat prefers and ensure they are comfortable using the litter box.