How to Keep Flies Off Dogs

Flies can be a significant nuisance for dogs, especially during warmer months. Not only do flies cause discomfort by biting and irritating your dog’s skin, but they can also transmit diseases and lead to infections if the bites become severe. Keeping flies off your dog is important for their comfort and health. 

 

What are Fly Bites?

Fly bites occur when flies target a dog's tender skin, particularly on the ears, the bridge of the nose, and sometimes the rump area. These areas are vulnerable because the dog has difficulty protecting them from biting flies. In severe cases, fly bites can lead to secondary infections, as flies may lay eggs in the open wounds they create or in existing wounds. If left untreated, this can result in maggot infestations, requiring veterinary intervention to clean and treat the wound, often under anesthesia.

Fly bites are more common in dogs that live or work outdoors, especially those on farms. Dogs with upright ears, such as German Shepherds and Collies, are particularly susceptible, while small breed dogs and indoor pets are less frequently affected. Regular monitoring and protection are essential to prevent fly bites and the complications they can cause.

 

Symptoms of Fly Bites in Dogs

Fly bites on dogs can be quite uncomfortable and may cause noticeable symptoms. If flies are present around your dog, it's likely they are biting. Common signs of fly bites include:

• Itching: Dogs may scratch or bite at the affected areas due to irritation.
• Redness: The skin around the bite area may become red and inflamed.
• Bumps on the Skin: Small red bumps, particularly on the edges of the ears, are common. These bumps can become dark, crusty, and may bleed.
• Bite Wounds: In more severe cases, the bites can create open wounds that may bleed or crust over.
• Presence of Flies in Fur: Flies hovering around or within your dog’s fur are a clear indication that bites may be occurring.

Several types of flies can bite dogs, including stable flies, horse flies, black flies, mosquitoes, sand flies, and biting midges (no-see-ums). These bites can cause significant discomfort and, in some cases, may lead to further complications if left untreated.

 

Causes of Fly Bites in Dogs

Fly bites in dogs are primarily caused by the presence of flies attracted to the dog’s environment and certain physical conditions. Here are some common causes:

1. Outdoor Living or Working Conditions: Dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural or farm environments, are more exposed to flies. These environments often have more organic matter, waste, and stagnant water, which attract flies.

2. Exposed and Tender Skin: Flies are drawn to areas of the dog’s body where the skin is thinner and more accessible, such as the ears, the bridge of the nose, and the rump. These areas are easier for flies to bite and cause irritation.

3. Open Wounds or Sores: Flies are attracted to open wounds, where they may feed on the blood or lay eggs. Dogs with untreated wounds or skin conditions are at higher risk of fly bites, which can lead to infections.

4. Warm and Humid Weather: Flies are more active in warm and humid conditions, increasing the likelihood of fly bites during the summer months. Dogs living in such climates are more vulnerable to being bitten.

5. Upright Ears: Dogs with upright ears, such as German Shepherds and Collies, are particularly susceptible to fly bites because their ears present an easy target for flies to land on and bite.

6. Lack of Preventative Measures: Dogs without access to fly repellents, protective gear, or clean living environments are more prone to fly bites. Preventative care, such as using fly repellents and keeping the dog’s living area clean, can reduce the risk of fly bites.

 

How to Keep Flies Off Your Dog Naturally

Keeping flies off your dog can be done using natural methods that are safe and effective. Here are some strategies:

• Apple Cider Vinegar Spray: Mix equal parts apple cider vinegar and water in a spray bottle, and lightly spray your dog’s coat. The strong scent of vinegar can help repel flies.

• Essential Oils: Certain essential oils like lavender, eucalyptus, peppermint, and citronella have natural fly-repelling properties. Dilute a few drops of essential oil in water or a carrier oil (like coconut oil) and apply it to your dog’s fur, avoiding the eyes, nose, and mouth. You can also use a spray bottle to mist the mixture onto your dog's coat.

• Lemon and Water Spray: Slice a lemon and boil it in water. Let it steep overnight, then strain and pour the liquid into a spray bottle. The citrus scent helps repel flies and is safe to use on your dog.

• Fly-Repellent Plants: Plant fly-repelling herbs like basil, lavender, or mint around your dog’s living area. These plants naturally deter flies and can create a fly-free zone.

 

What Not to Do to Get Rid of Flies

When trying to get rid of flies around your dog, it's important to avoid certain actions that could be harmful or ineffective. Here’s what not to do:

1. Don’t Use Toxic Chemicals: Avoid using strong insecticides or fly sprays that are not specifically designed for use around pets. These products can be toxic if ingested or absorbed through your dog’s skin, leading to serious health issues.

2. Don’t Apply Human Fly Repellents: Never use fly repellents meant for humans on your dog. Many human products contain ingredients like DEET, which can be harmful or even toxic to dogs.

3. Don’t Ignore the Source of the Problem: Simply swatting or spraying flies without addressing the root cause won’t solve the issue. Make sure to clean up any waste, food, or other materials that are attracting flies in the first place.

4. Don’t Use Fly Traps in Areas Accessible to Your Dog: Fly traps, especially those with sticky surfaces or toxic baits, can be dangerous if your dog comes into contact with them. Place traps out of reach or use pet-safe alternatives.

5. Don’t Leave Open Wounds Untreated: If your dog has open wounds or sores, don’t leave them exposed, as flies are attracted to these areas and may lay eggs in them. Always clean and cover wounds and seek veterinary care if necessary.

 

When to Seek Veterinary Care

While most fly bites are minor and can be managed at home, there are certain situations where you should seek veterinary care for your dog:

Persistent Itching and Discomfort

If your dog is excessively scratching, biting, or showing signs of severe discomfort at the bite sites, it may indicate a more serious reaction that needs veterinary attention.

Open Wounds or Infections

If the fly bites have caused open wounds, sores, or if you notice signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or discharge, it's important to consult a vet. Infections can worsen and lead to more serious health issues if left untreated.

Signs of Maggot Infestation

In some cases, flies may lay eggs in open wounds, leading to maggot infestations. If you notice small white worms (maggots) in your dog’s wounds, seek immediate veterinary care as this condition, known as myiasis, can quickly become serious.

 

Diagnosis of Fly Bites in Dogs

Physical Examination

Diagnosing fly bites in dogs begins with a thorough physical examination by a veterinarian. The vet will inspect areas commonly affected by fly bites, such as the ears, face, and belly. Fly bites typically appear as small, red bumps that may be crusty or bleeding, especially along the edges of the ears. In more severe cases, the vet might find open sores, scabs, or areas of hair loss due to excessive scratching or biting.

Review of Symptoms and History

The veterinarian will also gather information about the dog’s recent activities and environment. This includes asking about outdoor exposure, particularly in areas where flies are common, such as near stables or rural locations. Behavioral changes like increased scratching, restlessness, or visible discomfort are also important clues that help in diagnosing fly bites.

Observation of Flies

The presence of flies around the dog or in its living environment is a strong indicator that fly bites may be causing the symptoms. If flies are observed near the dog or noticed by the owner, it supports the likelihood of a fly bite diagnosis.

Ruling Out Other Conditions

To accurately diagnose fly bites, the vet must differentiate them from other skin conditions, such as flea bites, allergic reactions, or infections. This may involve checking for other parasites or conducting skin scrapings and cytology to rule out infections or other causes of skin irritation.

Bite Patterns

Certain flies, like stable flies, often bite in specific patterns, such as clusters on the ears and face. Recognizing these bite patterns can help confirm the diagnosis of fly bites and distinguish them from other potential issues.

 

Treatment of Fly Bites in Dogs

Treating fly bites in dogs involves relieving the immediate discomfort and preventing further bites. Here’s how you can manage and treat fly bites on your dog:

Clean the Affected Area

Gently clean the bite areas with mild soap and water to remove any dirt, debris, or bacteria that could lead to infection. Dry the area thoroughly after cleaning.

Topical Treatments

Apply an antiseptic or antibiotic ointment to the bites to prevent infection and promote healing. If the bites are causing significant itching or discomfort, your vet may recommend a topical corticosteroid or antihistamine to reduce inflammation and itching. For severe cases, your vet might prescribe a medicated cream or spray that contains a combination of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents.

Fly Repellents

To prevent further bites, use a dog-safe fly repellent, especially on the areas most prone to bites like the ears and face. Natural repellents, such as those containing citronella or eucalyptus, can be effective, but always check with your vet before applying any new products to your dog. In some cases, flea and tick preventatives that also repel flies can be helpful in keeping flies at bay.

 

How To Prevent Fly Bites in Dogs

Protecting your dog from fly bites, especially during peak fly seasons, requires a few strategic measures.

• Avoid High-Risk Areas: During black fly season, it's best to keep your dog away from running bodies of water like rivers, streams, and creeks, as black flies breed in these environments. Similarly, avoid taking your dog to woodlands and farms, where flies are often more prevalent.

• Limit Outdoor Time: Flies are most active during the daytime, especially in the hours following sunrise and before sunset. To minimize the risk of bites, try to keep your dog indoors during these peak fly activity times.

• Use Protective Clothing: Consider outfitting your dog in light, protective clothing that covers vulnerable areas like the underbelly and thighs. This can help prevent flies from reaching these parts of your dog’s body, which are often the most attractive to them.

By following these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of fly bites and keep your dog more comfortable during fly season.

Read more:

External Parasites in Dogs: Understanding and Managing Common Infestations