Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition in dogs that affects the sebaceous glands, leading to an overproduction of sebum (skin oil). This condition can cause a range of symptoms, including oily or flaky skin, itching, and an unpleasant odor. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing how to treat seborrheic dermatitis are essential for managing this condition effectively and keeping your dog comfortable.

 

What Is Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs?

Seborrheic dermatitis in dogs is a skin condition characterized by excessive production of keratin and sebum, leading to flaky, scaly skin and sometimes oily, greasy patches. This condition often affects areas like the back, feet, and skin folds, and can cause significant discomfort. Dogs with seborrhea may have either an oily form, with greasy skin and a distinct odor, or a dry form, with peeling skin and lesions—or a combination of both. While seborrhea can be an inherited condition, especially in certain breeds, it is more commonly a secondary issue related to underlying health problems such as hormonal imbalances, allergies, or infections. The constant itching associated with seborrhea can lead to further complications, including skin infections and hair loss.

 

Types of  Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Seborrheic dermatitis in dogs can present as either seborrhea sicca (dry seborrhea) or seborrhea oleosa (oily seborrhea), and sometimes both types can occur together. Here's a closer look at these different types:

Seborrhea Sicca (Dry Seborrhea)

Seborrhea sicca is characterized by dry, flaky skin with dandruff-like scales. The skin appears rough and scaly, and there may be areas of redness and irritation. This form of seborrhea often results in a dull, dry coat, and the dog may experience itching and discomfort.

Seborrhea Oleosa (Oily Seborrhea)

Seborrhea oleosa is marked by greasy, oily skin that often has a strong, unpleasant odor. The skin may feel sticky to the touch, and there can be a buildup of oily scales and crusts. This type of seborrhea is more likely to be associated with secondary infections, such as bacterial or fungal infections, due to the excess oil providing a breeding ground for microorganisms.

 

Signs of  Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Seborrhea in dogs presents with a variety of symptoms that can affect the skin and coat. Common signs include:

• Dry, Dull Coat: A very dry and lackluster coat is often one of the first noticeable signs.
• Dandruff: Flaky skin, similar to dandruff, is common, particularly in areas with seborrhea sicca.
• Greasy, Oily Skin: Dogs with seborrhea oleosa may have greasy, oily skin that emits a strong, unpleasant odor.
• Crusted Skin Lesions: Rough, scaly patches or plaque-like skin lesions can develop, particularly in severe cases.
• Itching: Itching can range from mild to severe, leading to discomfort and further skin irritation.
• Excessive Earwax: A large amount of earwax and debris can accumulate, especially in dogs prone to ear issues.

Seborrhea typically affects the entire body, but certain areas tend to be more severely impacted, such as the folds of skin between the toes, in the armpits, on the belly, under the tail (perineum), and at the base of the neck. Dogs with more skin folds, like Basset Hounds, often experience more severe symptoms in those areas.

 

Causes of Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Seborrheic dermatitis in dogs, can be caused by a variety of factors, and it’s typically categorized as either primary (congenital) or secondary.

Primary Seborrhea

Primary seborrhea is a genetic condition that is more common in certain breeds, although it remains relatively rare. Breeds such as American Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels, Basset Hounds, West Highland White Terriers, Dachshunds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Shar Peis, Doberman Pinschers, and Irish Setters are more prone to developing congenital seborrhea.

Secondary Seborrhea

• Allergies: Allergic reactions to food, environmental factors, or other allergens can trigger seborrhea.
• Endocrine Imbalance: Hormonal imbalances, including conditions like Cushing’s disease and hypothyroidism, are common causes of secondary seborrhea.
• Fungal and Bacterial Infections: Infections, especially those caused by Malassezia yeast or bacteria like pyoderma, can lead to the development of seborrhea.
• Parasites: Infestations by fleas, ticks, or other parasites can cause skin irritation that leads to seborrhea.
• Poor Diet: A diet lacking in essential nutrients can contribute to skin issues, including seborrhea.
• Environmental Factors: Changes in temperature or humidity, as well as poor grooming practices, can exacerbate or contribute to seborrhea.
• Obesity: Excess weight can lead to skin folds and other conditions that promote seborrhea.
• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as cutaneous lymphoma, can also cause seborrheic symptoms.

While primary seborrhea is usually linked to breed-specific genetic factors, most cases of seborrheic dermatitis are secondary, resulting from underlying health conditions or external factors. Identifying the root cause is crucial for effective treatment and management.

 

How Veterinarians Diagnose Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Diagnosing seborrhea in dogs involves a thorough physical examination and a series of tests to identify the underlying cause of the skin condition. Your veterinarian will begin by examining your dog’s skin and asking questions about the duration of symptoms, scratching behavior, and any recent changes in diet or water intake. To pinpoint the cause, the vet may perform several diagnostic tests, including skin scrapings to check for mites and lice, impression cytology to detect yeast or bacterial infections, and blood tests to screen for conditions like diabetes, Cushing’s disease, or hypothyroidism. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to rule out autoimmune diseases or cancer. These tests help the veterinarian determine the appropriate treatment plan for managing your dog’s seborrhea effectively.

 

Treatment for Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Treating seborrhea in dogs involves addressing both the underlying cause of the condition and the seborrhea itself. The key to effective treatment is identifying and managing any underlying health issues contributing to the skin condition.

Treating the Underlying Cause

• Hypothyroidism: If your dog is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, they will be treated with hormone replacement therapy using levothyroxine, a medication they will need to take for life.

• Cushing’s Disease: Dogs with Cushing’s disease require lifelong treatment with medication like Vetoryl to manage their condition.

• Diabetes: Managing diabetes in dogs involves daily insulin injections to control blood sugar levels.

• Cancer or Autoimmune Disease: If a biopsy reveals cancer or an autoimmune disease, your veterinarian may prescribe medication to manage the condition or refer you to a specialist for further treatment.

• Parasites (Lice, Mites, Fleas): If lice or mites are found, your veterinarian will prescribe medication to eliminate these parasites. For flea-related seborrhea, a monthly flea preventative can help manage the condition.

• Vitamin Deficiency: In cases where vitamin deficiencies are suspected, your vet may recommend adding specific vitamins, such as vitamin A or zinc, to your dog’s diet.

• Food Allergy: If a food allergy is suspected, your veterinarian may suggest a hypoallergenic food trial to identify and eliminate the allergen.

• Infections: If seborrhea has led to secondary infections, your dog will need a course of oral antibiotics and/or antifungals for three to four weeks to clear the infection.

Treating the Seborrhea Itself

• Frequent Bathing: To manage seborrhea, your dog will need frequent baths with anti-seborrheic shampoos, often every 2 to 3 days initially. These shampoos, which may contain coal tar and salicylic acid, help remove excess keratin from the skin.

• Ear Cleaning: Regular ear cleaning with a medicated ear cleaner every 2 to 3 days is important, especially if your dog’s ears are affected. If there’s an ear infection, your veterinarian will prescribe appropriate ear medications.

• Medication: Your dog may be prescribed prednisone to reduce inflammation and prevent debris buildup on the skin.

 

Recovery and Management of Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Recovery and management of seborrhea in dogs largely depend on identifying and treating the underlying cause of the condition. If a primary cause, such as an allergy, hormonal imbalance, or infection, can be found, managing that primary condition is crucial for long-term control of seborrhea. It may take several weeks for the symptoms of seborrhea to improve, but ongoing management of the underlying disease will be necessary throughout your dog’s life.

Once seborrhea develops, the abnormal production of keratin in the skin typically persists, making it important to continue treatment even after symptoms improve. Regular use of anti-seborrheic shampoos and ear cleaners, as recommended by your veterinarian, can help reduce keratin buildup and prevent secondary infections. Consistent care and monitoring are essential to keeping your dog comfortable and minimizing the impact of seborrhea on their quality of life.

 

Prevention of Seborrhea Dermatitis in Dogs

Preventing seborrheic dermatitis in dogs involves:

• Regular Grooming: Brush your dog often and bathe them with a mild, dog-specific shampoo to keep their skin clean and balanced.

• Balanced Diet: Feed your dog a high-quality diet rich in essential nutrients, and consider supplements like fish oil if recommended by your vet.

• Parasite Control: Use flea and tick preventatives to prevent skin irritation that can lead to seborrhea.

• Monitor Health: Keep an eye on signs of allergies or underlying health conditions, and manage them with your vet’s guidance.

• Clean Environment: Maintain a clean living space for your dog by regularly washing their bedding and toys.

Regular check-ups with your vet are essential for early detection and management.

 

Conclusion

Seborrheic dermatitis in dogs is a manageable condition with the right approach. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and following a comprehensive treatment plan, you can help your dog live a more comfortable and healthy life. Regular veterinary care, along with proper grooming and nutrition, are key to keeping seborrheic dermatitis under control and ensuring your dog’s skin and coat remain healthy.